Aids
Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome (AIDS) could be a
chronic, probably dangerous condition caused by the human immuno deficiency
virus (HIV). By damaging your system, HIV interferes together with your body's
ability to fight the organisms that cause sickness.
Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of a number of these infections might
include:
Soaking night sweats
Recurring fever
Chronic symptom
Weight loss
bumps
Causes
HIV could be a infection which will be transmitted through sex,blood
or from mother to kid throughout physiological condition, parturition.
How will HIV become AIDS?
HIV destroys CD4 cells — a
selected style of white vegetative cell that plays an outsized role in serving
to your body fight malady. Your system weakens as a lot of CD4 cells square
measure killed. you'll be able to have associate HIV infection for years before
it progresses to AIDS.
People infected with HIV reach AIDS once their CD4 count
falls below two hundred or they expertise associate AIDS-defining complication,
such as:
Pneumocystis respiratory illness
Cytomegalovirus
Tuberculosis
Toxoplasmosis
Cryptosporidiosis
How HIV is transmitted
To become infected with HIV, infected blood, liquid body
substance or epithelial duct secretions should enter your body. you cannot
become infected through normal contact —
stimulation, kissing, saltation or shaking hands — with somebody UN agency has HIV or AIDS.
You can become infected with HIV in many ways that,
including:
From blood transfusions. In some cases, the virus could also
be transmitted through blood transfusions. yank hospitals and blood banks
currently screen the blood provide for HIV antibodies, thus this risk is
incredibly little.
By sharing needles. HIV are often transmitted through
needles and syringes.
During physiological condition or delivery or through
breast-feeding. Infected parents will infect their babies. however by receiving
treatment for HIV infection throughout physiological condition, mothers
considerably lower the chance to their babies.
During gestation or delivery or through breast-feeding.
Infected mothers will infect their babies. however receiving treatment for HIV infection
throughout gestation, mothers considerably lower the danger to their babies.
Risk
factors
When HIV/AIDS initial surfaced within the u. s., it chiefly
affected men UN agency had sex with men. However, currently it's clear that HIV
is additionally unfold through heterosexual sex.
Anyone of any age, race, sex or sexual orientation are often
infected, however you are at greatest risk of HIV/AIDS if you:
*Have unprotected sex. Unprotected sex suggests that
having sex while not employing a new latex or ployurethan contraceptive device
whenever. buggery is additional risky than is epithelial duct sex. the chance
will increase if you have got multiple sexual partners.
*Have another STI. several sexually transmitted
infections (STIs) turn out open sores on your genitalia. These sores act as
doorways for HIV to enter your body.
*Use blood vessel medication. people that use blood
vessel medication usually share needles and syringes. This exposes them to
droplets of different people's blood.
Complications
HIV infection weakens your system, creating you extremely
prone to varied infections and bound kinds of cancers.
Infections
common to HIV/AIDS
*Tuberculosis (TB). In resource-poor nations, TB is that the
commonest infection related to HIV and a number one reason for death among
folks with AIDS.
*Candidiasis. mycosis could be a common HIV-related
infection. It causes inflammation and a thick, white coating on the mucose
membranes of your mouth, tongue, gullet or channel.
*Cryptococcal infectious disease. infectious disease is
associate degree inflammation of the membranes and fluid close your brain and
neural structure (meninges).Cryptococcal infectious disease could be a common
central system infection related to HIV, caused by a flora found in soil.
*Toxoplasmosis. This probably deadly infection is caused by
Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite unfold primarily by cats. Infected cats pass the
parasites in their stools, and also the parasites might then unfold to
different animals and humans.
Tests for
complications
Your doctor may also order laboratory tests to ascertain for
different infections or complications, including:
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis
Toxoplasmosis
Sexually transmitted infections
Liver or urinary organ harm
Urinary tract infection
Treatments
and medicines
There's no cure for HIV/AIDS, however a spread of medication
are often utilized in combination to manage the virus. every category of
anti-HIV medication blocks the virus in numerous ways that. it is best to mix a
minimum of 3 medication from 2 categories to avoid making strains of HIV that
area unit proof against single medication.
The categories of anti-HIV medication include:
Non-nucleoside polymerase inhibitors (NNRTIs). NNRTIs
disable a supermolecule required by HIV to create copies of itself. Examples
embrace efavirenz (Sustiva), etravirine (Intelence) and non-nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitor (Viramune).
Nucleoside or ester polymerase inhibitors (NRTIs). NRTIs
area unit faulty versions of building blocks that HIV must build copies of
itself. Examples embrace Abacavir (Ziagen), and also the combination medication
emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada.
Protease inhibitors (PIs). PIs disable proteolytic enzyme,
another supermolecule that HIV must build copies of itself. Examples embrace
atazanavir (Reyataz), darunavir (Prezista), fosamprenavir (Lexiva) and PI
(Crixivan).
Integrase inhibitors. These medication work by disabling
integrase, a supermolecule that HIV uses to insert its genetic material into
CD4 cells. Examples embrace raltegravir (Isentress), elvitegravir (Vitekta) and
dolutegravir (Tivicay).
Prevention
There's no immunogen to forestall HIV infection and no cure
for AIDS. however it's potential to safeguard yourself et al from infection.
which means educating yourself concerning HIV and avoiding any behavior that
permits HIV-infected fluids — blood,
semen, epithelial duct secretions and breast milk — into your body.
To help forestall the unfold of HIV:
*Use a replacement contraceptive device whenever you have
got sex. If you do not apprehend the HIV standing of your partner, use a
replacement contraceptive device whenever you have got anal or epithelial duct
sex. ladies will use a feminine contraceptive device.
*Use solely water-based lubricants. Oil-based lubricants
will weaken condoms and cause them to interrupt. throughout sexual perversion
use a nonlubricated, cut-open contraceptive device or a dental dam — a chunk of medical-grade latex.
*Consider the drug Truvada. Use of the mixture drug
emtricitabine-tenofovir (Truvada) will cut back the chance of sexually
transmitted HIV infection in those that area unit at high risk. Truvada is
additionally used as associate degree HIV treatment at the side of different
medications.
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